BURIAL PLACES OF HANOVERIAN SOVEREIGNS FROM A TO Z

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BRUNSWICK (GERMANY)
BURIED IN THE CATHEDRAL OF ST BLASIUS
(Braunschweig, Dom St. Blasii, Domplatz):

Queen CAROLINE OF BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBÜTTEL (+1821), consort of King George IV

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GMUNDEN (AUSTRIA)
BURIED IN THE MAUSOLEUM OF SCHLOSS CUMBERLAND (Gmunden, Schloss Cumberland, Mausoleum, Cumberlandstr.):

Queen MARIE OF SAXE-ALTENBURG (+1907), consort of King George V

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HANOVER (GERMANY)
BURIED IN HERRENHAUSEN MAUSOLEUM
(Hannover, Mausoleum im Berggarten, Herrenhäuser Gärten, Herrenhäuser Str.):

01. Elector ERNEST AUGUSTUS (+1698)
02. Electress SOPHIA OF BOHEMIA (+1714), consort of Elector Ernest Augustus
03. Elector GEORGE I LOUIS (+1727)
04. King ERNEST I AUGUSTUS (+1851)
05. Queen FREDERICA OF MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ (+1841), consort of King Ernest I Augustus

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LONDON (ENGLAND)
BURIED IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY (London, Dean's Yard):

01. Elector GEORGE II AUGUSTUS (+1760)
02. Electress CAROLINE OF BRANDENBURG-ANSBACH (+1737), consort of Elector George II Augustus

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WINDSOR (ENGLAND)
BURIED IN ST GEORGE’S CHAPEL (Windsor, Castle Hill):

01. King GEORGE III WILLIAM (+1820)
02. Queen CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ (+1818), consort of King George III William
03. King GEORGE IV (+1830)
04. King WILLIAM HENRY (+1837)
05. Queen ADELAIDE OF SAXE-MEININGEN (+1849), consort of King William Henry
06. King GEORGE V (+1878)

LIST OF HANOVERIAN SOVEREIGNS 1692-1866

ELECTORATE OF HANOVER 1692-1807:
HOUSE OF GUELPH (WELF)
1692-1698: ERNEST AUGUSTUS
(Ernst August)
Born in 1629/30 at Herzberg.
Father: Duke George of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Mother: Duchess Anne Eleanor of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Married in 1658 at Heidelberg Princess SOPHIA of Bohemia (*1630 The Hague,+1714 Hanover).
His issue who reigned:
-GEORGE I LOUIS (*1660,+1727),
-Sophia Charlotte (*1668,+1705; Queen of Prussia).
Died in 1698 in Hanover.
Buried firstly with his consort Princess Sophia in the Chapel of Leine Schloss, Hanover. In 1957 their remains were translated to Herrenhausen Mausoleum in Hanover.

1698-1727: GEORGE I LOUIS
(Georg I. Ludwig; King of Great Britain from 1714)
Born in 1660 at Osnabrück, Hanover.
Father: Elector Ernest Augustus of Hanover. Mother: Princess Sophia of Bohemia.
Married in 1682 at Celle Princess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle (*1666 Celle,+1726 Castle of Ahlden, Hanover). Divorced in 1694.
His issue who reigned:
-GEORGE II AUGUSTUS (*1683,+1760),
-Sophia Dorothea (*1687,+1757; Queen of Prussia).
Died in 1727 near Osnabrück.
Buried firstly in the Chapel of Leine Schloss, Hanover. In 1957 his remains were translated to Herrenhausen Mausoleum in Hanover.
His consort Sophia Dorothea was buried in Celle Town Church.

1727-1760: GEORGE II AUGUSTUS
(Georg II. August; King of Great Britain)
Born in 1683 in Hanover.
Father: Elector George I Louis of Hanover and King of Great Britain. Mother: Electress Sophia Dorothea of Celle.
Married in 1705 in Hanover Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (*1683 Ansbach,+1737 London).
His issue who reigned:
-Louise (*1724,+1751; Queen of Denmark).
Died in 1760 in London.
Buried with his consort Electress Caroline in Westminster Abbey, London.

1760-1807: GEORGE III WILLIAM
(Georg III. Wilhelm; 1st time. King of Great Britain)

1807-1813: HANOVER ANNEXED TO THE KINGDOM OF WESTPHALIA

ELECTORATE OF HANOVER 1813-1814:
HOUSE OF GUELPH (WELF)
1813-1814: GEORGE III WILLIAM

(Georg III. Wilhelm; 2nd time. King of Hanover from 1814; King of Great Britain)

KINGDOM OF HANOVER 1814-1866:
HOUSE OF GUELPH (WELF)
1814-1820: GEORGE III WILLIAM

(Georg III. Wilhelm; King of Great Britain)
Born in 1738 in London.
Father: Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales. Mother: Duchess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.
Married in 1761 in London Princess CHARLOTTE of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (*1744 Mirow,+1818 Kew Palace, Surrey).
He was never crowned.
His issue who reigned:
-GEORGE IV (*1762,+1830),
-WILLIAM HENRY (*1765,+1837),
-Charlotte Augusta (*1766,+1828; Queen of Württemberg),
-ERNEST I AUGUSTUS (*1771,+1851).
Died in 1820 in Windsor, England.
Buried together with his Queen Charlotte at St George's Chapel, Windsor.

1820-1830: GEORGE IV (Georg IV.; King of Great Britain)
Born in 1762 in London.
Father: King George III William of Hanover and Great Britain. Mother: Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Married firstly and morganatically in 1785 in London Maria Anne FitzHerbert (*1756 Brambridge,+1837 Brighton).
Married secondly in 1795 in London Princess CAROLINE of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (*1768 Brunswick,+1821 London).
He was never crowned.
Died in 1830 in Windsor, England.
Buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor.
His first wife Maria FitzHerbert was buried in the Church of St John the Baptist at Brighton.
His second consort Queen Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was buried in Brunswick Cathedral.

1830-1837: WILLIAM HENRY
(Wilhelm Heinrich; King William IV of Great Britain)
Born in 1765 in London.
Father: King George III William of Hanover and Great Britain. Mother: Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Married in 1818 at Kew Palace, Surrey Princess ADELAIDE of Saxe-Meiningen (*1792 Meiningen/Thuringia,+1849 Stanmore, Middlesex).
He was never crowned.
Died in 1837 in Windsor, England.
Buried together with his Queen Adelaide at St George's Chapel, Windsor.

1837-1851: ERNEST I AUGUSTUS (Ernst I. August)
Born in 1771 in London.
Father: King George III William of Hanover and Great Britain. Mother: Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Married in 1815 at Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Strelitz Princess FREDERICA of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (*1778 Hanover,+1841 Hanover).
He was never crowned.
His issue who reigned:
-GEORGE V (*1819,+1878).
Died in 1851 in Hanover.
Buried together with his Queen Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Herrenhausen Mausoleum, Hanover.

1851-1866: GEORGE V (Georg V.)
Born in 1819 in Berlin.
Father: King Ernest I Augustus of Hanover. Mother: Queen Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Married in 1843 at Hanover Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (*1818 Hildburghausen,+1907 Gmunden, Austria).
He was never crowned.
Deposed following Prussian invasion of Hanover in 1866. Exiled in Austria.
Died in 1878 in Paris.
Buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor, England.
His Queen Marie was buried at the Mausoleum of Schloss Cumberland in Gmunden, Austria.

1866: HANOVER OCCUPIED AND ANNEXED BY PRUSSIA.

TOMBS OF HANOVERIAN SOVEREIGNS

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The memorial plaque in Herrenhausen Mausoleum in Hanover (Germany) to the rulers of Hanover buried there: Elector ERNEST AUGUSTUS and his consort Electress SOPHIA OF BOHEMIA, Elector GEORGE I LOUIS, King ERNEST I AUGUSTUS and his Queen FREDERICA OF MECKLENBURG

























































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The tomb of Queen CAROLINE OF BRUNSWICK, consort of King George IV, in the Cathedral of St Blasius in Brunswick (Germany)


























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A memorial plaque to King GEORGE V in Herrenhausen Mausoleum in Hanover (Germany)

THE HANOVERIAN REGALIA

HISTORY OF THE HANOVERIAN REGALIA
BY MARIUSZ PAŹDZIORA

The Kingdom of Hanover was created in 1814. Until 1837 Hanover remained in personal union with Great Britain. British kings, who simultaneously were kings of Hanover, saw no reason for having a separate set of Hanoverian regalia commissioned. When the two realms separated in 1837 following King William IV’s death, the new King of Hanover, Ernest I Augustus, decided to order a set of regalia for his kingdom. The Hanoverian regalia were commissioned in December 1842. The order for two crowns and a sceptre was placed by the Hanoverian finance minister von Schulte with jewelers Georg Knauer (who was the court jeweler of the king of Hanover) and Wilhelm Lameyer. The crown which had been designed by G. L. Laves was remotely shaped on English St Edward’s Crown.
The King’s Crown, which is a corona clausa, is made of gold rim with 4 crosses alternating with 4 palmettes constituting bases for eight gold arches. It is surmounted by a globe of blue enamel with a gold cross. The crown is set with numerous gemstones (6 sapphires, 4 emeralds, 10 rubies). Inside the crown there is a cap made of purple velvet. Height of the crown is 26 cm, diameter of the rim is 17,5 cm.
The Queen’s Crown, made of gold, with no gemstones, is similar but smaller.
The Sceptre, topped with a gold globe of blue enamel with a cross, is made of gold and set with numerous gemstones (16 rubies, 16 diamonds, 14 emeralds and 5 sapphires).

As the coronation was never introduced in the Kingdom of Hanover, the Hanoverian regalia fulfilled only the role of personal regalia of the House of Hanover and never acquired such significant national importance as e.g. Hungarian or Czech regalia. The Hanoverian regalia were used for the first time on the occasion of the wedding of Crown Prince George (the future King George V) in 1843 when they were exhibited in Leineschloss in Hanover. In November 1851 the regalia were used again during the burial ceremony of King Ernest I Augustus. The crown and the sceptre were placed beside the king lying in state in the Throne Hall of Leineschloss where 30.000 people filed past it and could have a close look of the Hanoverian regalia for the first time. Later when king’s coffin was buried in the Herrenhausen Mausoleum, the crown and the sceptre were placed on the altar in the burial chapel.

Following the occupation and annexation of Hanover by Prussia in June 1866, the regalia of Hanover were hidden at Marienburg Castle. In March 1867 they had been smuggled out at night to Blumenau and prepared for secret transfer to England. They had been dispatched by train to Cologne and then smuggled out to Calais in France from where they were sailed to England and deposited in the vaults of Coutts Bank in London. In 1869, on the wish of the exiled Queen Marie of Hanover, the regalia were transferred via France and Switzerland to Gmunden in Austria where the Hanoverian royal family had found asylum. The crown of Hanover was used during King George V’s burial at Windsor in June 1878. Afterwards it was sent back to Gmunden in Austria, the home of the Hanoverian royal family in exile. It was used for the last time in 1923 at Gmunden during the burial of the Crown Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, the Duke of Cumberland. In 1925 the Hanoverian regalia had been inherited by his son and the head of the House of Hanover, former Duke of Brunswick, Ernest Augustus and transferred to Schloss Blankenburg in Germany. In 1945 they were smuggled from the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, where Blankenburg was located, to the British zone which comprised of the territories of the former Kingdom of Hanover. Hanoverian regalia are a private property now and are kept in an unspecified location in Germany. They include:
-the King’s Crown,
-the Queen’s Crown,
-the Sceptre of Hanover.

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FOREIGN ROYAL BURIALS IN HANOVER (except burials of rulers from other German states):
CELLE
Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, Queen of Denmark and Norway, consort of King Christian VII.


HANOVERIAN ROYAL STANDARDS

01. Electoral standard of Hanover, 1801-1814.
02. Royal standard of Hanover, 1814-1866.




Select Bibliography
Storch D.: Die hannoversche Königskrone, Hildesheim 1995